Biodegradable food packaging: types, benefits and tips for choosing

For restaurateurs and delivery operators, biodegradable packaging is no longer optional: it meets a regulatory requirement and a growing customer expectation. Beyond simply replacing plastic, it reduces dependence on fossil fuels and the build-up of long-lived waste.

This guide explains what the term covers, which materials exist, what benefits to expect and how to choose.

What is biodegradable food packaging?

These are containers made from materials of natural origin (corn, cane, cellulose) that break down through the action of micro-organisms: bacteria, fungi, algae. In contact with moisture, heat and oxygen, these secrete enzymes that digest the material and turn it into water, biomass and carbon dioxide, leaving no persistent waste.

Why do they reduce plastic waste?

Packaging derived from petroleum can take centuries to break down into microplastics that contaminate soil and oceans. Biodegradable materials avoid this persistence: you keep the convenience of takeaway while reducing the volume of waste going to landfill, in a circular economy approach.

Biodegradable, compostable, recyclable: what are the differences?

• Biodegradable: a general concept, a material that can be broken down by biological organisms. It specifies neither the timeframe nor the conditions: some materials take years to disappear.
• Compostable: more demanding. The packaging breaks down within a set timeframe (generally less than 6 months) and under controlled conditions, to become compost with no toxic residue. It is the ideal option for takeaway, which ends up with food scraps processed with the food waste.
• Recyclable: collected, sorted and then turned into raw material for new products, such as clean cardboard or PET. It is an industrial, not biological, process.

Types of biodegradable food packaging

This packaging is based on biopolymers and natural fibres: PLA (derived from corn or sugar cane), sugar cane bagasse, plant starches (potato, wheat) or wood fibres.

Cardboard and kraft paper

Renewable and recyclable materials, cardboard and kraft are the standard for takeaway: light, strong and with a craft look. Depending on the finish, we distinguish:

• High-density kraft board (230 g/m²): rigid virgin fibre, with a polyethylene (PE) coating that acts as a hydrophobic barrier for hot liquids.
• Water-based coated board: the aqueous dispersion replaces the inner plastic film, which makes composting and recycling in the paper stream easier.
• FSC-certified fibre: cellulose from responsibly managed forests; the double wall optimises insulation without additional plastic.
• "Plastic-free" technology : board treated to withstand up to 120 °C, with no microplastics.

For hot drinks, discover our disposable paper cups, as well as our meal boxes and paper containers.

Bioplastics (PLA, PBAT, starch)

Ideal when visibility matters: salads, desserts, cold drinks.

• PLA: made from renewable resources such as corn starch, transparent and rigid like a petroleum-based plastic, with no persistent microplastics. It should be stored in a cool, dry place, as heat can start its degradation before use.
• PBAT: very flexible, used in blends to improve impact resistance without harming biodegradability.
• Thermoplastic starch (TPS): extracted from plant biomass, it gives light, strong structures.

Sugar cane bagasse

It is one of the most robust materials: made from the fibrous residue of the cane, it avoids the burning of agricultural waste. Resistant to grease and heat (up to 120 °C according to our data sheets), microwave- and freezer-safe, it suits hot dishes transported without deformation. It disintegrates in roughly 60 to 90 days. See for example our bagasse lids.

Paper pulp and plant fibres

Moulded under pressure from recycled, virgin or plant fibres (bamboo, wheat), this packaging is rigid, natural to the touch and acts as a thermal barrier. It is recyclable in the paper stream and gives an immediately sustainable image: self-service trays, plates, ready meals, catering and institutional food service.

Benefits of biodegradable packaging

1. Environmental protection

Fewer microplastics, a lower carbon footprint, and nutrients returned to nature rather than persistent waste in soils and groundwater.

2. Sustainable brand image

Packaging is your calling card outside your premises. A kraft or bagasse container suggests a consistent, responsible and careful brand, which helps build loyalty.

3. Regulatory compliance

Rules on single-use plastics are tightening in Europe. Adopting this packaging lets you anticipate bans and avoid possible penalties. Products certified compostable meet the European reference standards.

4. Versatility

From microwave-safe containers to clear PLA cups, there is a solution for every temperature, texture and type of food, generally with preservation of taste and no BPA.

How to choose the right biodegradable packaging

According to the type of food

• Hot, sauce-based or fatty dishes: bagasse, or board with a PLA or water-based coating, which form a barrier against moisture.
• Bakery and dry products: kraft paper, light and economical.
• Cold drinks, salads, desserts: plant-based bioplastics, for clarity and rigidity.
• Coffee and infusions: paper cups with a biodegradable coating.

According to transport and storage

For delivery, choose an airtight closure, a high grammage and stackable formats. Store PLA in a cool, dry place.

According to certifications

Not everything labelled "eco-friendly" really is. Check compliance with the EN 13432 standard, as well as the FSC and OK Compost labels: they attest to compostability in an industrial facility and the absence of harmful substances.

According to design and branding

Customising your packaging, with plant-based inks for example, turns a disposable item into an advertising medium. Our custom paper cups and our custom paper salad bowls reinforce your identity, and stating the biodegradable origin of the material raises consumer awareness and sets you apart.

Frequently asked questions

What is the difference between biodegradable and compostable packaging?

Biodegradable breaks down naturally, with no timeframe or conditions specified. Compostable breaks down within a set timeframe and under controlled conditions to produce compost. Only the term compostable, with a certification, offers this guarantee.

Which biodegradable packaging should you choose for hot dishes?

Sugar cane bagasse, which is resistant to heat and grease, or board with a suitable coating.

How can you check that packaging is truly compostable?

Look for compliance with the EN 13432 standard and labels such as OK Compost. Be wary of simple "eco-friendly" claims.

Does biodegradable packaging withstand liquids?

Yes, provided you choose a suitable coating: PLA, aqueous dispersion or treated board. For liquids and sauces, favour bagasse or coated board.

Switch to eco-friendly packaging with Covr

Reducing your impact without sacrificing quality or functionality is possible. Covr supports food service professionals with a wide range ofeco-friendly food packaging for takeaway, delivery and catering. Browse the catalogue to find the items suited to your menu.